Shrubs or small trees, many prostrate. Leaves serrate to pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, sometimes almost pinnatisect, sometimes bipinnatifid, sometimes entire, hairy becoming glabrous adaxially, closely tomentose or woolly between nerves abaxially. Inflorescence terminal, axillary or on short lateral branchlet, commonly sessile, capitate; receptacle concave, flat or convex; involucre usually prominent, of many imbricate flat or subulate bracts, persistent; flowering usually centripetal; flowers 15–250 per head; floral bracts usually enlarged after flowering. Perianth straight or curved; tepals separating almost to base at anthesis. Pistil straight or curved, with style often exserted to one side before anthesis; pollen presenter usually erect, narrower, as wide as or wider than style. Follicles few per head, woody but not massively so, commonly striate, in 2 species cartilaginous. Seed usually with a terminal wing, rarely elliptic with an annular wing and then without a separator but with 2 supplementary outer wings.
To observe and measure characters such as the floral bracts and perianth it is essential to dissect an inflorescence. This is done relatively easily in the fresh state by cutting an inflorescence from the base upwards with a pair of secateurs. With practise a cut through the middle will result in two halves that, for herbarium purposes, may be pressed more easily than an intact head. A similar approach is useful for cutting fruiting heads.
| 1 |
Separator absent; seed wing annular, and with a large supplementary wing each side and attached at the base |
subg. Diplophragma
|
| 1: |
Separator present between seeds (often only 1 seed fertile); seed wing terminal or absent |
2
|
| 2 |
Seed not winged |
3
|
| 2: |
Seed winged |
subg. Dryandra
|
| 3 |
Follicle ±cartilaginous |
subg. Hemiclidia
|
| 3: |
Follicle woody |
ser. Ionthocarpae
|
| 4 |
Pistil exceeding perianth by 1 mm or more |
5
|
| 4: |
Pistil shorter than or as long as perianth |
23
|
| 5 |
Perianth straight or the limb inflexed centripetally before anthesis; pistil similarly straight or curved inwards, rarely outwards |
6
|
| 5: |
All perianths and pistils in head markedly curved downwards or upwards |
21
|
| 6 |
Pollen presenter markedly swollen; perianth lobes flared widely at apex of basal tube; flowers fewer than 20 per head |
ser. Pectinatae
|
| 6: |
Pollen presenter not or scarcely enlarged; perianth not flared but in some species succulent near base; flowers 30–250 per head |
7
|
| 7 |
Perianth swollen and succulent above base (appears thick but irregularly shrivelled in dried specimens) |
ser. Runcinatae
|
| 7: |
Perianth not swollen or succulent |
8
|
| 8 |
At least some leaves bipinnatifid; hairs of perianth claws sticky |
ser. Acuminatae
|
| 8: |
No leaves bipinnatifid; hairs of perianth claws not sticky |
9
|
| 9 |
Flowers at anthesis forming a circle leaving a central hole |
ser. Niveae
|
| 9: |
Flowers at anthesis ±evenly spaced in head |
10
|
| 10 |
Leaves pinnatisect with large triangular lobes |
ser. Triangulares
|
| 10: |
Leaves otherwise |
11
|
| 11 |
Follicle 5–6 mm long; seed wing obscure; flowers fewer than 45 per head |
ser. Capitellatae
|
| 11: |
Follicle 6–24 mm long; seed wing prominent; flowers typically more than 50 per head |
12
|
| 12 |
Longest involucral bracts as long as flowers |
13
|
| 12: |
Longest involucral bracts shorter than flowers |
15
|
| 13 |
Leaves pinnatipartite; lamina usually 20–45 cm long and 5–14 cm wide with linear lobes |
ser. Aphragma
|
| 13: |
Leaves cuneate, dentate or serrate, or linear with widely spaced short recurved teeth; lamina usually less than 12 cm long, or if longer, then linear |
14
|
| 14 |
Leaves cuneate, less than 12 cm long; involucral bracts narrow, tomentose and plumose; pistil 41–52 mm long |
ser. Ilicinae
|
| 14: |
Leaves linear, to 35 cm long; involucral bracts broad, sparsely pubescent to glabrous except hairy margins; pistil 27–29 mm long |
ser. Decurrentes
|
| 15 |
Leaves pinnatisect |
16
|
| 15: |
Leaves not pinnatisect |
17
|
| 16 |
Follicles loosely attached; style evenly curved; pollen presenter scarcely thickened |
ser. Marginatae
|
| 16: |
Follicles firmly attached; style geniculate below pollen presenter which is narrowly conical |
ser. Folliculosae
|
| 17 |
Flowers golden orange or reddish pink |
ser. Dryandra
|
| 17: |
Flowers pale to deep yellow, occasionally creamy white, rarely golden orange |
18
|
| 18 |
Involucral bracts almost as long as flowers |
ser. Foliosae
|
| 18: |
Involucral bracts usually much shorter than flowers |
19
|
| 19 |
Follicles tomentose |
ser. Ilicinae
|
| 19: |
Follicles sparsely hairy or glabrous, in 1 species silky |
20
|
| 20 |
Follicles ovate to obovate; seed wing not or shortly decurrent |
ser. Armatae
|
| 20: |
Follicles typically transversely elliptic to transversely obovate; seed wing decurrent almost to base of seed |
ser. Acrodontae
|
| 21 |
Involucral bracts prominently hirsute, with longest hairs to 3–5 mm long |
ser. Plumosae
|
| 21: |
Involucral bracts tomentose, velvety or shortly hirsute, with longest hairs less than 2 mm long |
22
|
| 22 |
Follicles oblique, ovate, elliptic or oblong, firmly attached; pollen presenter 0.3–0.8 mm long |
ser. Concinnae
|
| 22: |
Follicles erect, ovate, obovate, cuneate or transversely elliptic, loosely attached; pollen presenter 1–1.8 mm long |
ser. Obvallatae
|
| 23 |
Leaves subtending inflorescence reduced, rigid, entire, pungent, scabrous |
ser. Subulatae
|
| 23: |
Leaves subtending inflorescence lobed, or if entire then not rigid or scabrous |
24
|
| 24 |
Involucre of broad brown bracts, usually shining |
25
|
| 24: |
Involucre of narrow, hairy bracts, usually dull |
27
|
| 25 |
Involucral bracts cartilaginous, very hairy or almost glabrous; flowers gold, orange or pinkish; seed wing entire |
26
|
| 25: |
Involucral bracts papery, cobwebby; flowers red and white; seed wing notched |
ser. Inusitatae
|
| 26 |
At least some leaves 20 mm or more wide, with large triangular to linear lobes; involucral bracts villous, hirsute, tomentose or pubescent all over |
ser. Aphragma
|
| 26: |
Leaves less than 6 mm wide, shortly pinnatifid, serrate or entire; involucral bracts appressed-pubescent to glabrous except shortly pubescent margins |
ser. Tenuifoliae
|
| 27 |
Leaves cuneate to flabelliform; margins flat |
ser. Floribundae
|
| 27: |
Leaves linear; margins recurved to revolute |
ser. Gymnocephalae
|
| 1 |
Pistil exceeding perianth by 1 mm or more |
2
|
| 1: |
Pistil as long as or slightly shorter than perianth |
93
|
| 2 |
Involucral bracts shorter than pistil (of outer flowers in taxa in which inner flowers are shorter than outer ones) |
3
|
| 2: |
Involucral bracts as long as or exceeding pistil |
80
|
| 3 |
Pistil crook-shaped, 68–79 mm long; pollen presenter prominent, ovoid; tepals flared widely at apex of basal tube; flowers 12–17 per head (Badgingarra district) |
nana
|
| 3: |
Pistil straight to curved but not crook-shaped, usually less than 60 mm long; pollen presenter narrowly cylindrical; tepals not flared; flowers 20–250 per head |
4
|
| 4 |
Receptacle prominently convex; flowers at anthesis forming a circle leaving a central hole |
5
|
| 4: |
Receptacle gently concave, or flat, or gently convex; flowers ±equally-spaced in head at anthesis |
13
|
| 5 |
Leaves pinnatipartite, usually with at least some lobes also pinnatipartite; involucral bracts acuminate; perianth loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (between Woodanilling, Cranbrook & Collie) |
preissii
|
| 5: |
Leaves simply pinnatipartite; involucral bracts obtuse to shortly acute; perianth villous, hirsute or pubescent with non-sticky hairs |
6
|
| 6 |
Leaf lobes linear |
7
|
| 6: |
Leaf lobes oblong or triangular |
8
|
| 7 |
Leaf lobes not twisted, held vertically (Kojonup to Ongerup, Stirling Ra. & Albany) |
arctotidis
|
| 7: |
Leaf lobes twisted so that apical half of lobe is ±horizontal (Eneabba to Cataby) |
tortifolia
|
| 8 |
Leaf lobes oblong or narrowly triangular |
9
|
| 8: |
Leaf lobes broadly triangular |
10
|
| 9 |
Plant with underground stems, fire-tolerant; leaf lobes 15–35 each side (Bannister and Wandering to Manjimup) |
lindleyana
|
| 9: |
Plant with stems above ground, fire-sensitive; leaf lobes 40–75 each side (Albany to Stirling Ra. & E to Fitzgerald R.) |
brownii
|
| 10 |
Plant with underground stems, fire-tolerant |
11
|
| 10: |
Plant with above-ground stems, fire-sensitive (Lake Indoon to Nyabing & E to Cape Arid, on the Scott R. plain & E of Busselton) |
nivea
|
| 11 |
Leaf lobes 1–3 mm wide at base, the lower (basal) margin more revolute than the upper, slightly overlapping the lobe below (near Badgingarra) |
stenoprion
|
| 11: |
Leaf lobes 2–8 mm wide at base, both margins slightly and ±equally recurved to revolute, not overlapping; widespread |
12
|
| 12 |
Leaves usually markedly convex (lobes recurved towards apex) (W of Arrino to Alexander Morrison Natl Park) |
cypholoba
|
| 12: |
Leaves not or slightly convex (Geraldton to Cape Naturaliste and E to Corrigin and Traysurin) |
lindleyana
|
| 13 |
At least some leaves more than 20 cm long; mostly low shrubs with short stems |
14
|
| 13: |
Leaves usually less than 20 cm long, in several species some longer |
27
|
| 14 |
Leaves pinnatipartite usually only in lowest third to half, with subulate lobes, otherwise entire (Pingelly to Tambellup) |
subpinnatifida
|
| 14: |
Leaves prominently pinnatipartite or pinnatifid throughout |
15
|
| 15 |
Leaves 4–20 mm wide |
16
|
| 15: |
Most leaves more than 20 mm wide |
21
|
| 16 |
Pistil pilose in lower half (Kamballup) |
ionthocarpa
|
| 16: |
Pistil glabrous except hairs on ovary |
17
|
| 17 |
Perianth 17–19 mm long; pistil 18–21 mm long; leaf lobes markedly twisted (Stirling Ra.) |
montana
|
| 17: |
Perianth lobes more than 20 mm long; pistil more than 25 mm long; leaf lobes not twisted |
18
|
| 18 |
Leaves with 60–110 lobes each side (near Busselton, Stirling Ra. to Albany) |
baxteri
|
| 18: |
Leaves with fewer than 50 lobes each side |
19
|
| 19 |
Flowers 150–250 per head (Esperance to Mt Ragged) |
longifolia
|
| 19: |
Flowers fewer than 120 per head |
20
|
| 20 |
Pistil 42–56 mm long; at least some leaves more than 10 mm wide (Eneabba to Katanning) |
nobilis
|
| 20: |
Pistil 30–40 mm long; leaves 4–8 mm wide (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe) |
foliosissima
|
| 21 |
Leaf lobes linear |
22
|
| 21: |
Leaf lobes triangular, usually broadly so |
23
|
| 22 |
Prostrate shrub with lignotuber; involucral bracts to 2 cm long; pistil 38–53 mm long (Badgingarra to Moore R., Perth, Gairdner R. to Cape le Grand) |
pteridifolia
|
| 22: |
Bushy shrub without lignotuber; involucral bracts 4.5–5.5 cm long; pistil 58–74 mm long (Cadoux to Hyden) |
shanklandiorum
|
| 23 |
Involucral bracts 30–40 mm long (Newdegate to Ravensthorpe) |
ferruginea
|
| 23: |
Involucral bracts 25 mm or less long |
24
|
| 24 |
Leaves less than 25 mm wide (Eneabba to Katanning) |
nobilis
|
| 24: |
Leaves 25–75 mm wide |
25
|
| 25 |
Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls (near Badgingarra) |
catoglypta
|
| 25: |
Stems with appressed, lanceolate, villous prophylls |
26
|
| 26 |
Leaf lobes acute, with margins straight to gently curved; perianth limb 8–11 mm long; flowers 50–85 per head (Nyabing to Hyden) |
octotriginta
|
| 26: |
Leaf lobes obtuse, with margins prominently curved in to apex; perianth limb 11–14 mm long; flowers 60–100 per head (Mogumber to Bremer Bay) |
drummondii
|
| 27 |
Leaves pinnatipartite with at least some lobes also pinnatipartite; perianth claws loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (Woodanilling to Cranbrook & Collie) |
preissii
|
| 27: |
Leaves simply divided or lobed; perianth hairs not sticky |
28
|
| 28 |
Pistil c. 15 mm longer than perianth; leaves 3–4 mm wide (Wongan Hills) |
pulchella
|
| 28: |
Pistil usually no more than 10 mm longer than perianth, if longer than 15 mm then leaves at least 6 mm wide |
29
|
| 29 |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes cuneate to obovate, commonly with more than 5 teeth each side |
30
|
| 29: |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear, oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, or narrowly obovate to narrowly cuneate and then with fewer than 5 teeth per side, or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect with large triangular lobes |
35
|
| 30 |
Leaves white-tomentose below |
31
|
| 30: |
Leaves glabrous below except pits |
32
|
| 31 |
Leaves sessile or almost so, commonly more than 25 mm wide; involucral bracts to 12–15 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long (Clackline to Dwellingup) |
praemorsa
|
| 31: |
Leaves petiolate, 12–22 mm wide; longest involucral bracts to 20–25 mm long; floral bracts 15–17 mm long (Stirling Ra.) |
anatona
|
| 32 |
Follicles 6–7 mm long, not indurated; perianth limb glabrous or sparsely hairy |
33
|
| 32: |
Follicles 9–14 mm long, indurated; perianth limb hairy |
34
|
| 33 |
Leaves bright green; flowers ±bright yellow (Stirling Ra. to Israelite Bay) |
falcata
|
| 33: |
Leaves glaucous; flowers pale yellow (Eneabba to Mogumber) |
glauca
|
| 34 |
Involucral bracts pale; pistil 24–40 mm long; pollen presenter 1–1.3 mm long, pale red; flowers 35–100 per head (Narrogin to Albany & Israelite Bay) |
cuneata
|
| 34: |
Involucral bracts dark brown; pistil 22–26 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long, dark brown; flowers 180–190 per head (Gillingarra) |
fuscobractea
|
| 35 |
Leaf lamina narrowly obovate to narrowly cuneate with no or 1–4 teeth each side |
36
|
| 35: |
Leaf lamina linear, oblong, lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes narrowly cuneate or narrowly obovate, usually with more than 5 teeth or lobes each side, or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect with large triangular lobes |
37
|
| 36 |
Heads terminal, conspicuous; pistil 16–23 mm long; perianth creamy-white, often pink-tinged; shrub without lignotuber (Geraldton to Gingin) |
carlinoides
|
| 36: |
Heads on short branchlet near base of stem, inconspicuous; pistil 30–40 mm long; perianth yellow; many-stemmed shrub with lignotuber (Arrowsmith to Hill R.) |
tridentata
|
| 37 |
Pistils within head straight or incurved or outcurved |
38
|
| 37: |
All pistils within head curved downwards or downwards and with the apex upturned |
72
|
| 38 |
Leaves 2.5–7 cm wide; perianth limb 8–14 mm long |
39
|
| 38: |
Leaves commonly less than 2.5 cm wide; perianth limb less than 7 mm long |
40
|
| 39 |
Stems with ±straight lanceolate villous prophylls; perianth limb 8–11 mm long; flowers 50–85 per head (Nyabing to Hyden) |
octotriginta
|
| 39: |
Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls; perianth limb 12–15 mm long; flowers 85–110 per head (near Badgingarra) |
catoglypta
|
| 40 |
Leaves pinnatisect |
41
|
| 40: |
Leaves serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite |
42
|
| 41 |
Pistil 16–19 mm long (New Norcia to Bindoon) |
polycephala
|
| 41: |
Pistil 28–42 mm long (Kalbarri to Cranbrook) |
fraseri
|
| 42 |
Leaf lobes linear or lanceolate |
43
|
| 42: |
Leaf lobes or teeth triangular |
46
|
| 43 |
Flowers 15–26 per head; stem covered with prophylls (Kulin to Nyabing & E to Forrestania) |
erythrocephala
|
| 43: |
Flowers 30–120 per head; prophylls few or none on mature stem |
44
|
| 44 |
Perianth 29–34 mm long; pistil 32–42 mm long; shrub without lignotuber (Stirling Ra. to Munglinup) |
cirsioides
|
| 44: |
Perianth 20–27 mm long; pistil 22–33 mm long; shrub with lignotuber, usually suckering |
45
|
| 45 |
Flowers c. 80–100 per head; leaves 40–55 mm wide; sinuses 10–25 mm across (Kulin & L. Magenta to Hyden & Frank Hann Natl Park) |
xylothemelia
|
| 45: |
Flowers c. 35 per head; leaves 10–25 mm wide; sinuses 3–7 mm across (Kulin to Nyabing) |
meganotia
|
| 46 |
Flowers orange or pink |
47
|
| 46: |
Flowers yellow, commonly with deep yellow or golden limb |
50
|
| 47 |
Perianth 19–23 mm long; shrub to 50 cm (Badgingarra, Mogumber) |
serratuloides
|
| 47: |
Perianth 25–42 mm long; shrub to 3 or 4 m |
48
|
| 48 |
Leaves soft; floral bracts glabrous (Busselton to Two Peoples Bay & Stirling Ra.) |
formosa
|
| 48: |
Leaves rather leathery; floral bracts hirsute or villous |
49
|
| 49 |
Leaves divided more than half way to midrib, usually dark green above; at least some leaf laminas 15–20 cm long; follicles 16–19 mm long (Eneabba to Katanning) |
nobilis
|
| 49: |
Leaves divided less than half way to midrib, usually bluish green above; leaves never more than 15 cm long; follicles 9–11 mm long (York to Broomehill) |
stuposa
|
| 50 |
Leaves 3–9 mm wide |
51
|
| 50: |
Leaves 10–35 mm wide |
58
|
| 51 |
Pistil loosely hirsute, at least in lower quarter |
52
|
| 51: |
Pistil glabrous except a few hairs on ovary |
55
|
| 52 |
Pollen presenter 3–5 mm long; leaf lobe margins flat or equally recurved |
53
|
| 52: |
Pollen presenter 0.9–1.3 mm long; leaf lobes revolute but the upper margin much less so than the lower |
54
|
| 53 |
Perianth 25–39 mm long; pistil 28–42 mm long; flowers yellow (widespread, Mt Lesueur to Albany & E to Israelite Bay) |
armata
|
| 53: |
Perianth 19–23 mm long; pistil 22–29 mm long; flowers pink and greenish cream (rare, Badgingarra, Mogumber) |
serratuloides
|
| 54 |
Pollen presenter noticeably thicker than apex of style; perianth 12–20 mm long; pistil markedly looped before anthesis (Eneabba to Armadale) |
kippistiana
|
| 54: |
Pollen presenter scarcely thicker than apex of style; perianth 19–22 mm long; pistil gently bowed before anthesis (Eneabba to Badgingarra) |
sclerophylla
|
| 55 |
Pistil 37–49 mm long |
56
|
| 55: |
Pistil 22–31 mm long |
57
|
| 56 |
Involucral bracts appressed-pubescent, shining brown; leaves with 10–25 teeth each side (Ravensthorpe) |
corvijuga
|
| 56: |
Involucral bracts glabrous at base, plumose above, pale; leaves with 3–8 teeth each side (Pingelly to Woodanilling) |
cynaroides
|
| 57 |
Pistil 27–31 mm long; perianth limb hirsute (Three Springs to Badgingarra) |
stricta
|
| 57: |
Pistil 22–26 mm long; perianth limb glabrous or with a few basal hairs (New Norcia to Regans Ford and Gingin) |
echinata
|
| 58 |
At least some leaves 15 cm or more long |
59
|
| 58: |
Leaves less than 13.5 cm long (juvenile leaves may be longer) |
63
|
| 59 |
Involucral bracts 40–50 mm long (Ravensthorpe) |
corvijuga
|
| 59: |
Involucral bracts to 30 mm long |
60
|
| 60 |
Flowers 150–250 per head; involucral bracts 14–30 mm long; perianth limb hairy at least in lower half (Esperance to Mt Ragged) |
longifolia
|
| 60: |
Flowers 35–65 per head; involucral bracts to 12 mm long; perianth limb glabrous |
61
|
| 61 |
Pistil 29–33 mm long (Wongan Hills) |
wonganensis
|
| 61: |
Pistil 23–27 mm long |
62
|
| 62 |
Perianth limb c. 2.5 mm long; involucral bracts pubescent with densely ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1–1.5 mm long (Moora to New Norcia and Cataby) |
hewardiana
|
| 62: |
Perianth limb 3–4 mm long; involucral bracts glabrous or scurfy, with shortly ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1.8–2 mm long (Three Springs) |
trifontinalis
|
| 63 |
Leaves with subulate teeth on petiole and base (Woodanilling to Katanning) |
acanthopoda
|
| 63: |
Leaves without teeth on petiole and base |
64
|
| 64 |
Perianth limb 10–11 mm long; flowers 15–20 per head (Pingelly to Woodanilling) |
cynaroides
|
| 64: |
Perianth limb less than 9 mm long; flowers more than 40 per head |
65
|
| 65 |
Perianth limb 7–8.5 mm long; involucral bracts 30–35 mm long, obtuse (Kalbarri to Three Springs) |
borealis
|
| 65: |
Perianth limb 2–6.5 mm long; involucral bracts commonly less than 20 mm long, if longer then tomentose |
66
|
| 66 |
Pistil 45–48 mm long; involucral bracts 22–32 mm long (Stirling Ra.) |
hirsuta
|
| 66: |
Pistil 20–42 mm long; involucral bracts less than 20 mm long |
67
|
| 67 |
Pistil glabrous |
68
|
| 67: |
Pistil hirsute in lower quarter to half |
69
|
| 68 |
Perianth 25–27 mm long; limb hirsute (Kulin to Nyabing & Frank Hann Natl Park) |
pallida
|
| 68: |
Perianth 17–23 mm long; limb glabrous or almost so (Regans Ford to New Norcia & Gingin) |
echinata
|
| 69 |
Pollen presenter 0.8–1.5 mm long |
70
|
| 69: |
Pollen presenter 2.5–6 mm long |
71
|
| 70 |
Pistil 20–26 mm long; involucral bracts usually recurved; leaf teeth up to 10 each side (Bindoon to Albany; Whicher Ra.) |
squarrosa
|
| 70: |
Pistil 28–32 mm long; involucral bracts all erect; leaf teeth 1–6 each side (N of Southern Cross) |
arborea
|
| 71 |
Perianth 25–39 mm long; limb 4–4.5 mm long; floral bracts glabrous (Mt Lesueur to Albany & E to Israelite Bay) |
armata
|
| 71: |
Perianth 22–24 mm long; limb 4.5–6.5 mm long; floral bracts hirsute at base (Tathra Natl Park to Bendering) |
purdieana
|
| 72 |
Pistils curved downwards then up |
73
|
| 72: |
Pistil curved ±evenly downwards, in D. columnaris curved up but then downwards in upper half |
74
|
| 73 |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes elliptic; involucral bracts silky-villous; floral bracts hirsute both sides (Stirling Ra., Albany) |
concinna
|
| 73: |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear; involucral bracts appressed-pubescent; floral bracts hirsute one side, glabrous the other (Bow R. to Mt Manypeaks) |
serra
|
| 74 |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes oblong or oblanceolate; lobes obliquely ovate |
75
|
| 74: |
Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear; lobes linear to narrowly triangular; involucral bracts linear to subulate |
76
|
| 75 |
Leaf lobes 10–35 each side; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate (Stirling Ra.) |
foliolata
|
| 75: |
Leaf lobes 8–11 each side; involucral bracts linear to subulate (Darling Plateau SE of Perth) |
insulanemorecincta
|
| 76 |
Leaf lobes strongly twisted (Stirling Ra.) |
montana
|
| 76: |
Leaf lobes not twisted |
77
|
| 77 |
Involucral bracts with glandular as well as non-glandular hairs (Brookton to Narrogin) |
columnaris
|
| 77: |
Involucral bracts without glandular hairs |
78
|
| 78 |
Floral bracts 5–6 mm long; pollen presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (Miling to South Stirling) |
conferta
|
| 78: |
Floral bracts 3.5–4 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long |
79
|
| 79 |
Leaf lobes 10–25 each side; follicles transversely ovate (Eneabba to Mogumber) |
platycarpa
|
| 79: |
Leaf lobes 2–5 each side; follicles narrowly ovate (Stirling Ra.) |
seneciifolia
|
| 80 |
Pistil straight or gently curved outwards or inwards |
81
|
| 80: |
Pistil curved down, at least in upper half |
90
|
| 81 |
Involucral bracts 80–90 mm long (near Kulin) |
epimicta
|
| 81: |
Involucral bracts 30–75 mm long |
82
|
| 82 |
Involucral bracts broad, obtuse or acute, dark red-brown, often shining |
83
|
| 82: |
Involucral bracts acute or acuminate, plumose, silky, villous or tomentose, pale to dark brown |
87
|
| 83 |
Perianth not swollen at apex of basal tube; limb usually 5–7 mm long, occasionally to 7.5 mm |
84
|
| 83: |
Perianth swollen and succulent at apex of basal tube; limb 7–9 mm long |
85
|
| 84 |
Pollen presenter 5–5.5 mm long; pistil 35–38 mm long; leaf lobes obtuse (Fitzgerald R. to Israelite Bay) |
obtusa
|
| 84: |
Pollen presenter 2.8–3 mm long; pistil 27–29 mm long; leaf teeth acute, pungent (Wongan Hills) |
comosa
|
| 85 |
Leaves serrate; erect shrubs |
86
|
| 85: |
Leaves pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, rarely almost entire; low or prostrate shrubs (Pingelly to Stirling Ra. & E to Forrestania) |
ferruginea
|
| 86 |
Longest involucral bracts 40–50 mm long (Ravensthorpe) |
corvijuga
|
| 86: |
Longest involucral bracts 50–75 mm long (Toodyay to Narrogin) |
proteoides
|
| 87 |
Leaves cuneate or obovate, serrate (Gairdner R. to Ravensthorpe) |
quercifolia
|
| 87: |
Leaves linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite |
88
|
| 88 |
Perianth 15–20 mm long |
89
|
| 88: |
Perianth 25–30 mm long (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe) |
foliosissima
|
| 89 |
Involucral bracts abruptly narrowed but acute, silky, villous or tomentose; leaf lobes 40–60 each side (Stirling Ra. area) |
mucronulata
|
| 89: |
Involucral bracts tapering, long-villous; leaf lobes 15–31 each side (Stirling Ra. area) |
pseudoplumosa
|
| 90 |
Involucral bracts softly plumose, villous or woolly, with longest hairs 3–5 mm long (Stirling Ra. to West Mt Barren) |
plumosa
|
| 90: |
Involucral bracts pubescent, tomentose, hirsute or silky-villous, with longest hairs less than 2 mm long |
91
|
| 91 |
Leaves pinnatifid; involucral bracts with glandular hairs (Pingelly) |
columnaris
|
| 91: |
Leaves serrate or dentate; involucral bracts silky-villous, without glandular hairs |
92
|
| 92 |
Style yellow with red pollen presenter; pistil 23–31 mm long (Corrigin to Kukerin) |
fasciculata
|
| 92: |
Style red with green pollen presenter; pistil 18–22 mm long (Woodanilling to Nyabing & Tarin Rock) |
rufistylis
|
| 93 |
Leaves cuneate to flabelliform, sometimes almost oblong, serrate (Kalbarri to Bremer Bay) |
sessilis
|
| 93: |
Leaves linear or narrowly cuneate, or deeply divided |
94
|
| 94 |
Leaves bipinnatipartite (Eneabba to Manjimup) |
bipinnatifida
|
| 94: |
Leaves serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, sometimes entire |
95
|
| 95 |
Involucral bracts broad, obtuse, glabrous to appressed-pubescent, dark brown, shining (Darkin to Cape Arid) |
tenuifolia
|
| 95: |
Involucral bracts not as above |
96
|
| 96 |
Leaves entire |
97
|
| 96: |
Leaves dentate, serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite |
98
|
| 97 |
Leaves subtending inflorescence not or little reduced, pliable; involucral bracts 40–50 mm long, spreading-hirsute; leaf lamina 5–10 cm long; perianth 24–30 mm long; erect, bushy shrub with flowers on upper branches (Tathra Natl Park to Badgingarra; Tammin) |
speciosa
|
| 97: |
Leaves subtending inflorescence short, rigid, pungent; involucral bracts 10–12 mm long, appressed-hirsute; leaf lamina 15–35 cm long; perianth 22–24 mm long; low shrub with flowers almost at ground level (Eneabba to Badgingarra) |
subulata
|
| 98 |
All or most leaves more than 15 mm wide |
99
|
| 98: |
All or most leaves less than 15 mm wide |
106
|
| 99 |
Involucral bracts papery, the outer almost glabrous, the inner rusty-pubescent along midrib, with upper margins cobwebby; flowers red and white (Newdegate) |
idiogenes
|
| 99: |
Involucral bracts firm, tomentose, silky-villous or villous; flowers various shades of yellow, pink, brown or orange |
100
|
| 100 |
Pistil 49–52 mm long (Dumbleyung to Lake Grace & Harrismith) |
fililoba
|
| 100: |
Pistil 31–45 mm long |
101
|
| 101 |
Longest involucral bracts 9–15 mm long |
102
|
| 101: |
Longest involucral bracts 20–42 mm long |
103
|
| 102 |
Leaf lobes triangular; stems with scattered prophylls (Tenterden to Albany and Wellstead) |
calophylla
|
| 102: |
Leaf lobes linear; stems covered with prophylls (Woodanilling) |
lepidorhiza
|
| 103 |
Bushy shrub with erect stems; perianth limb 13–15 mm long (Stirling Ra. to Lort R.) |
nervosa
|
| 103: |
Shrub with prostrate, usually underground stems; perianth limb 8–13 mm long |
104
|
| 104 |
Leaves 50–130 mm wide (Stirling Ra.) |
blechnifolia
|
| 104: |
Leaves 20–45 mm wide |
105
|
| 105 |
Flowers 20–30 per head; perianth tomentose above base, golden; pistil 37–40 mm long; leaf lobes 30–40 each side (Woodanilling to Ongerup & Mount Barker) |
porrecta
|
| 105: |
Flowers c. 80 per head; perianth villous above base, orange-pink; pistil 33–36 mm long; leaf lobes 18–28 each side (E of Mundaring Weir) |
aurantia
|
| 106 |
Leaves with 15–75 teeth each side (usually more than 20) |
107
|
| 106: |
Leaves with 2–12 teeth each side |
109
|
| 107 |
Involucral bracts to 60 mm long, viscid; pistil 54–55 mm long (E of Hyden) |
viscida
|
| 107: |
Involucral bracts 15–40 mm long, not viscid; pistil 24–35 mm long |
108
|
| 108 |
Shrub with above-ground stems to 70 cm tall; involucral bracts 30–40 mm long; perianth cream and dull purple (Geraldton to Gingin) |
shuttleworthiana
|
| 108: |
Shrub with underground stems; involucral bracts to 22 mm long; perianth yellow (Mogumber, Perth, Whicher Ra.) |
mimica
|
| 109 |
Pistil 37–49 mm long; pollen presenter 6–7 mm long (Pingelly to Woodanilling) |
cynaroides
|
| 109: |
Pistil 22–36 mm long; pollen presenter 3–4 mm long |
110
|
| 110 |
Flowers 15–26 per head (Kulin to Nyabing & E to Forrestania) |
erythrocephala
|
| 110: |
Flowers 30–60 per head |
111
|
| 111 |
Leaves narrowly linear with revolute margins; branchlets hirsute (Tammin to Corrigin & Narembeen) |
horrida
|
| 111: |
Leaves broadly linear with recurved margins; branchlets tomentose (Eneabba to Lake Grace) |
vestita
|
| 112 |
Published since the Flora of Australia treatment |
prionotes
|