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Australian ferns & fern allies |
Small to medium size, erect or pendulous epiphytes. Rhizome dictyostelic, erect to short-creeping with crowded fronds, or elongate with remote fronds, scales basally attached, entire or ciliate, opaque brown. Fronds stipitate, articulate to the rhizome or not, lamina elongate, +/- tapered at both ends, pinnatifid to pinnate with adnate contiguous pinnae, each pinnae with a distinct costa, or bipinnatifid to bipinnate, rarely tripinnatifid, thin and translucent to thick and leathery, with moderately dense or sparse unicellular hairs, or glabrescent; veins simple, rarely forked, pinnately arranged about the costule, or a single vein in each segment when fronds finely divided. Sori in a single row either side of the costule, or solitary and supbapical on each segment when fronds finely divided, the receptacle +/- elongate, terminal on a vein or the vein passing through it, superficial or immersed in the lamina, exindusiate, parphyses lacking, sporangia on a uniseriate stalk, sometimes setulose, annulus vertical, interrupted of 14-18 thickened cells. Spores trilete.
Sect. Ctenopteris: fronds pinnatifid to pinnate, close; veins mostly simple, pinnately arranged about the costule in each lamina segment; sori in a single row either side of the costule.
Sect.......: fronds finely divided, bipinnatifid or more dissected, remote or +/- widely saced; veins simple or forked, a single vein in each ultimate segment; sori solitary and +/- subapical on the ultimate segments.
| 1a. | Pinnae or segments entire or crenate | 2 |
| Pinnae deeply lobed, or fronds more dissected | 38 | |
| 2a. | Fronds thin or soft and fleshly, hairy | 3 |
| Fronds +/- coriaceous | 7 | |
| 3a. | Fronds lobed or pinnatifid | 4 |
| Fronds fully pinnate | 5 | |
| 4a. | Fronds under 1 cm wide | C. bolobensis |
| Fronds 2.5 - 6 cm wide | C. geluensis | |
| 5a. | Pinnae broadly linear | Polypodium pensile |
| Pinnae obliquely oblong | 6 | |
| 6a. | Pinnae acute | C. belensis |
| Pinnae rounded | C. micropaleata | |
| 7a. | Sori superficial | 8 |
| Sori impressed or immersed in lamina | 26 | |
| 8a. | Palae not described, presumably none or inconspicuous | Polypodium pensile |
| Palae entire | 9 | |
| 8c. | Palae ciliate | 21 |
| 9a. | Fronds under 1 cm wide | 10 |
| Pinnae more than 5 mm long | 11 | |
| 10a. | Pinnae linear | Polypodium macgregorii |
| Segments oblong or roundish | C. pycnophylla | |
| 11a. | Rigidly coriaceous, pinnae denate | 12 |
| Less rigid, pinnae mostly entire | 15 | |
| 12a. | Fronds deeply pinnatifid | C. dentata |
| Fronds pinnate or nearly so | 13 | |
| 13a. | Pinnae decurrent | 14 |
| Pinnae dilated rather than decurrent | C. solida | |
| 14a. | Pinnae oblong | C. undosa |
| Pinnae lanceolate | C. bolanica | |
| 15a. | Veinlets simple | 16 |
| Veinlets forked | 20 | |
| 16a. | Reduced basal pinnae many | C. integripaleata |
| Reduced basal pinnae few | 17 | |
| 17a. | Lower pinnae abruptly reduced | C. curtisii |
| Lower pinnae gradually reduced | 18 | |
| 18a. | Frond at least 30 cm long | C. ctenoideum |
| Frond small | 19 | |
| 19a. | Frond caudate | C. longiceps |
| Frond not caudate | C. inconspicua | |
| 20a. | Segments acute | C schizophlebia |
| Segments obtuse | C. clemensiae | |
| 21a. | Pinnae standing flat | 22 |
| Pinnae folded upward, back to back | C. fusca | |
| 22a. | Pinnae narrowly linear, acute, ascending | C. rawlinsonensis |
| Pinnae linear, acute, asending | C. rawlinsonensis | |
| 22c. | Pinnae broader, obtuse | 23 |
| 23a. | Axes moderately hairy or glabrescent | 24 |
| Axes sensely hairy | C. whartoniana | |
| 24a. | Pinnae remote, confluent | C. pendens |
| Pinnae closer, not confluent | C. nutans | |
| 24c. | Pinnae contiguous, narrowly confluent | 25 |
| 25a. | Stipe short, naked | C. rhodocarpa |
| Stipe setose | C. pubipes | |
| 26a. | Palae entire | 27 |
| Palae ciliate | 29 | |
| 27a. | Sori oblong, parallel to costs | C. blechnoides |
| Sori round, oblique | 28 | |
| 28a. | Pinnae entire | C. flagelliforme |
| Pinnae cenate | C. repandula | |
| 29a. | Frond 1.3 cm wide | Polypodium cryptosorum |
| Frond wider | 30 | |
| 30a. | Sori not conspicuously oblique | 31 |
| Sori oblique to costa | 36 | |
| 31a. | Rim of soral pits low | 32 |
| Rim high, very conspicuous | 34 | |
| 32a. | Sori medial | 33 |
| Sori subcostal | Polypodium rachisorum | |
|
33a. |
Costa glabrescent | C. celebica |
| Costa binate bristly | C. stellatosetosa | |
| 34a. | Pinnae confluent | C. ledermannii |
| Pinnae not confluent | 35 | |
| 35a. | Sori round | C. brassii |
| Sori oblong | C. venulosoides | |
| 36a. | Rim of soral pit not raised | C. shawii |
| Rim of soral pit moderately raised | 37 | |
| 36c. | Rim of soral pit very conspicuous | C. circumvallata |
| 37a. | Frond 4-6 cm wide | C. obliquata |
| Frond c 8 cm wide | C. multicaudata | |
| 38a. | Pinnae mostly uncut on basiscopic side | C. subsecundodissecta |
| Pinnae cut on both sides | 39 | |
| 39a. | Pinnae merely toothed | 40 |
| Pinnae pinnatifid or pinnate | 41 | |
| 40a. | Fronds clustered | C. congregatifolia |
| Fronds remote | C. allocata | |
| 41a. | Rachis firm | 42 |
| Rachis weak and flexuose | 46 | |
| 42a. | Veins of primary pinnae simple | 43 |
| Secondary costae pinnate | C. millefolia | |
| 43a. | Sori basal on pinnules | 44 |
| Sori distal on pinnules | 45 | |
| 44a. | Rachis densely red-hairy | C. eximia |
| Hairs less dense and less red | C. tenuisecta | |
| 45a. | Pinnules naked | C. taxodioides |
| Few long setae present | C. yoderi | |
| 46a. | Secondary axes evidently winged | 47 |
| Secondary axes barely winged | C. bipinnata | |
| 47a. | Lamina glabrescent | C. sesquipinnata |
| Lamina hairy | 48 | |
| 48a. | Axes moderately hairy | C. bipinnatifida |
| Axes densely hairy | C. polytricha |
